As a first step, prior to the actual distillation process, crude oil is

passed through a desalter to remove the salts, water and sludge which

are generally associated with any type of crude. It is then distilled to

produce naphtha, kerosene, light gas oil, heavy gas oil and straight run

residue, which are further processed in downstream units.

This unit processes the straight run full-range naphtha from the Crude

Unit, and heavy naphtha from the Unibon Unit. It consists of two

parts. The first is the reaction section, where the naphtha is

desulphurised, and metals and nitrogen are removed.

The second part of the unit is the fractionation section, where the

reactor products are stripped to isolate gas and raw LPG streams. The

raw LPG is sent to the GASCO-NGL plant for further processing. The

naphtha is then split into light naphtha, which is used for gasoline

blending, and heavy naphtha, which is the feedstock for the Catalytic

Reformer Unit.

This unit process naphtha in order to improve its anti-knock

properties by using a bimetallic platinum-based catalyst. Hydrogen-rich

gas and 9S+ octane reformate are produced in addition to raw LPG

which is routed to the GASCO-NGL plant for processing. The reformate

is used as the main blend component for gasoline production, and the

hydrogen-rich gas is used in the reaction sections of the hydrotreaters.

The design of this conventional semi-regenerative unit is such that it

can be converted into a continuous regenerative unit when required

with minimum change and investment.

This unit is designed to improve the quality of straight run kerosene

from the Crude Unit by using a nickel/tungsten catalyst. The process

improves the burning quality of kerosene by desulphurisation and

saturation of aromatics. This is required to meet international

specifications for jet fuel.

This unit desulphurises the straight run heavy gas oil fraction prod

in the Crude Distillation Unit by reaction under hydrogen using a

cobalt/molybdenum oxide-based catalyst. The hydrotreated heavy gas oil

is used as a blending component to produce different grades of gas (

VACUUM UNIT — 46,000 BPSD

The Vacuum Unit is designed to process atmospheric residue from the

the Ruwais Crude Distillation Unit plus a supplementary supply i

Umm Al Nar Refinery. The unit produces light vacuum gas oil, h

vacuum gas oil and vacuum residue. These are used respectively

blending component for gas oil, as feed to the Unibon Unit, and

blend stock for bunkers.

The Unibon Unit converts the heavy vacuum gas oil feed into lighter

products in the reactor section by passing the feed, plus hydrogen,

catalysts under high temperature and pressure. The products from reaction are then separated in the fractionation section to yield finished

products ranging from LPG to gas oil.

The hydrocracker catalyst was changed in 1989 to improve middle

distillate yields and this has helped significantly to improve the

Refinery's profitability.

The Hydrogen Unit converts natural gas and steam to hydrogen with

the aid of catalysts. Propane can be used either as an alternative feed or

heating source. In the hydrogen purification section, the Union Carbide

Pressure Swing Adsorption Process (PSA) is used. The unit is capable of

producing S3 million standard cubic feet (scf) per day of hydrogen.

The purpose of these units is to improve the quality of water effluent

from the Refinery, reducing pollution by removing the major part of

hydrogen sulphide and ammonia dissolved in the sour water from the

process units by steam stripping. The stripped water is reused as part of

the Crude Unit desalter feed water. This reduces the demineralised

water make-up to the desalter.

These units help to minimise pollution by improving the quality of

fuel gas produced in the Refinery. They sweeten the sour fuel gas

produced from the various process units by absorbing the hydrogen

sulphide gas in diethanolamine (DBA) solution. Sweet fuel gas is then

sent to the Refinery fuel gas system. The hydrogen sulphide-rich

solution of DEA is regenerated by steam heating. The stripped hydrogen

sulphide is fed to the downstream Sulphur Recovery Units.

These units recover sulphur from hydrogen sulphide-rich gas

received from the upstream Acid Gas Removal Units, by converting it

into elemental sulphur through a thermal and catalytic reaction. The

liquid sulphur is then sent to the Sulphur Handling Terminal for

granulation and export.

UTILITIES

The Refinery generates all the utilities which are required by the

process units. Equipment and systems include desalinators, steam

boilers, a sea water cooling system, a closed-loop fresh water cooling

system, fuel oil and fuel gas systems.

TANK FARM AND OFFSITES

Working storage capacities of feed and main products it the Refinery

are as follows (cubic metres):

• Crude oil 161,700

• Butane and propane 2,600

• Export naphtha 98,800

• Reformate 47,200

• Super gasoline 90 42,800

• Special gasoline 97 82,700

• Aviation turbine kerosene 161,000

• Gas oil 261,300

• Bunker 'C' 154,600

• Fuel oil 65,700

Offsites include ballast reception and treatment facilities, API separator

system, two flares with standard facilities, TEL reception, storage and

blending facilities, and limited truck loading facilities for various

products.

MARINE TERMINAL

The Refinery's Marine Terminal provides for the loading and

unloading of tankers ranging from 2,000 to 100,000 dwt. It has eight

cabotage berths to accommodate tankers from 2,000 to 7,000 dwt,

one large tanker berth for vessels of between 7,000 and 80,000 dwt,

and another large tanker berth for vessels between 20,000 and

100,000 dwt.

SULPHUR HANDLING TERMINAL

The Ruwais Sulphur Handling terminal was built to receive liquid

sulphur from the two ADNOC refineries, Habshan and Das Island and

to granulate it for export. Liquid sulphur from Das Island is shipped to

Ruwais via a dedicated sulphur vessel of 9,000 tons dwt, while a fleet

of 30-ton road tankers transport supplies from elsewhere.

The liquid sulphur is stored in Four insulated, steam-heated tank  with

a total capacity of 40,000 tons. These tanks can feed the nine

granulation units of a total processing capacity of 5,000 tons per day

(with provision for future expansion). Granulated sulphur for export is

then stockpiled in a sulphur storage unit capable of holding up to

40,000 tons.(Circular Storage Unit) and 110,000 tons(Linear Storage Unit).

The Sulphur Handling Terminal has its own jetty for loading vessels

of up to 25,000 tons, as well as receiving shipments of liquid sulphur

from ADGAS.

A successful industry requires dependable and adequate power and

water supplies. The Ruwais  Industrial Complex is no exception, and a

central services plant supplies electricity, distilled water, potable water,

sea water and back-up fire water to the various installations within the

complex.

Commissioned in 1983, the General Utility Plant has the following

facilities:

• Twenty Four  sea water supply pumps, with a total capacity of

115,000 cubic metres an hour to cater for the sea water needs

of the EDC, Refinery, the Fertil  plant and the General Utilities Plant.

• Five steam generating units each with a capacity of 250 tons

per hour.

• Three 18 MW GE gas generators.

   Four ABB Gas Turbines each 140 MW

• Two 45 MW steam turbo generators.

• Five desalination units, each capable of providing 27,000

cubic metres per day of distillate water.

  Six Instrument Air Compressors

  Water Treatment Plant

  Demi Water Plant

All feed streams and finished products from the Ruwais process units,

General Utilities Plant, and Sulphur Handling Terminal are analysed in

the Refinery laboratory, which certifies them to meet international

specifications. In addition, all products sold from the Refinery are

certified by an independent third-party quality surveyor. This attention

to quality control ensures that Takreer  maintains its reputation as a

supplier of top-class products to the world market.